Ask an answerable question (PICO)：
The most common behavior faced by the pediatric clinic in the injection room is that children cry because of injection pain. If the child ’s fear of pain is reduced, the injection process is completed successfully and the psychological shadow of the injection is reduced. Therefore, the author ’s motivation is caused. Find literature on simple, feasible, and low-cost interventions to reduce the pain of injections in children.The purpose of this article is to explore whether " Could psychological interventions reduce the injection pain in children??" Then,the group of patient is children, intervention is psychological intervention, and outcome is Injections pain , vaccination pain,needle-related pain, the study design is a systematic review, integrated analysis, and randomized controlled trials. Expected empirical results can be used as a basis for medical staff to give psychological interventions reduce the injection pain in children.
The Method and Analysis of Literature Review：
In this study, empirical methods are used MESH TERM to set PICO keywords, using children, children, injections pain, vaccination pain, needle-related pain, psychological interventions, and psychological, to combine and intersect the keywords according to the Bollinger logic AND and OR. , Search PubMed, Cochran, CINAHL, Huayi databases. The search time is November 2019. The inclusion conditions are children under 19 years old and Chinese and English literature. Delete duplicate titles, exclude non-matching conditions and non-randomized controlled trials or systems. Finally included 1 systematic review: Psychological interventions for needle-related procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents (Birnie, Noel, Chambers, Uman, & Parker, 2018)
Critical Appraisal：
In this study, empirical methods are used to set PICO keywords, using children, children, injections pain, vaccination pain, needle-related pain, psychological interventions, and psychological, to combine and intersect the keywords according to the Bollinger logic AND and OR. , Search PubMed, Cochran, CINAHL, Huayi databases. The search time is November 2019. The inclusion conditions are children under 19 years old and Chinese and English literature. Delete duplicate titles, exclude non-matching conditions and non-randomized controlled trials or systems. Finally included 1 systematic review: Psychological interventions for needle-related procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents (Birnie, Noel, Chambers, Uman, & Parker, 2018)
Results, Conclusions and Recommendations：
The literature points out that psychological interventions such as distraction, hypnosis, mixed combined behavioral therapy, and breathing can reduce injection pain in children. Among them, hypnosis is time-consuming and requires professional training, which reduces the feasibility; the breathing method is also prone to interruption of breathing difficulties during the process, indicating that the suitability of each intervention may vary depending on the environment and clinical objects.Despite the low quality of evidence, this article is still the most comprehensive analysis of the topic.
The results show that "distraction" is more feasible and significantly different than other measures.
Therefore, before and after the injection, the nurse can use the method of "distracting" to watching cartoons or a movie, listen to music or aspoken story, interactive handheld computer or video games, distraction cards, virtual reality, playing with a toy, parents distraction, Medical clown, squeezing a rubber ball, or a combination or selection of various distractors susch as toys, books, cartoons, games, or music to reduce children's injection pain, and teach family members to use this method to help reduce pain. Though this empirical literature, nurse can use psychological intervention to reduce the pain of children during injection and promote it to relevant units. In addition, the design of future research also needs to be strengthened in terms of quality to ensure that the research results can be more reliable and general.
