Ask an answerable question (PICO)：
To explore whether the use of music therapy can reduce preoperative anxiety in surgical patients? PICO- P：Pre-operative patient、I：Music therapy、C：Routine care、O：Pre-operative anxiety.
The Method and Analysis of Literature Review：
1. Literature search databases included: Cochrane library, PubMed, Embase, CEPS Chinese Electronic Journal Database.
2. Keywords included: According to the established PICO standard, we used PubMed to establish MeSH term and look for synonyms and used truncation*. According to the principle of Boolean logic, combined keywords, synonyms and MeSH terms with OR. Then, P, I, and O were combined by AND to search for literature, and the search conditions were limited to within 10 years, full text were browsed, the language was Chinese and English, the research type was randomized controlled trial (RCT), systematic review (SR) or meta-analysis.
Critical Appraisal：
A total of 80 articles were searched, including excluding duplicates, articles not in line with PICO, articles belonging to case reports, articles that could not be viewed in full text, after further browsing, the articles whose subjects are only women are excluded, and a total of 3 articles were included, 1 SR and 2 RCTs were then evaluated and analyzed. The 2020 version of the CASP was used as a review tool, and the Oxford CEBM (2011) was used for the classification of evidence levels.
Clinical Application of Evidence：
Used the seven steps of empirical knowledge translation for improvement as well as implement simultaneous results analysis. The purposive sampling research was used from January 3, 2022 to January 10, 2022. For the patients who received pre-operative surgery in the plastic surgery department of a northern medical center, the patients were randomly divided into the experimental group (listening to music group) and the control group (routine care group). The intervention measure was music therapy. The subjects were placed in a separate and quiet consultation room. The experimental group chose one type of music from the six types of classical music, light music, Tibetan music, Chinese pop music, and English pop music according to their preferences and listened to them with headphones. The intervention time was 30 minutes, and the music was set to bass, slow tempo, 60-80bpm.
Evaluation of Effectiveness：
A total of 20 patients were included in this study. The anxiety level measured by the Visual Analogy Anxiety Scale (VAS-A) decreased from 4.00±2.16 to 1.80±2.04 in the experimental group and increased from 3.70±1.94 to 4.10±2.13 in the control group reaching significant difference (p = 0.24), indicating that music intervention can improve the preoperative anxiety of surgical patients.
Conclusions and Recommendations：
Music therapy reduces preoperative anxiety in surgical patients. Nursing staff only need to give patients earphones before and after the intervention, which takes no more than 3 minutes and will not affect clinical treatment. Music intervention is non-invasive, highly acceptable to patients, and low-cost, all of which are the advantages of sustainable implementation. In addition, it is suggested to add relevant local tracks in future applications, such as Taiwanese, Hakka and other music types, which will be more in line with the local cultural background
