Ask an answerable question (PICO)：
Clinical question formation-the purpose is to explore whether the efficacy of hand and foot massage in pain management following nephrectomy (abdominal surgery) . PICO-P: after Nephrectomy (abdominal surgery), I: Hand and foot massage, C:Daily care, O: Postoperative wound pain.
The Method and Analysis of Literature Review：
(1)The literature search database includes: Cochrane, Clinicalkey Nursing, PubMed, and CEPS. (2)The keywords include: P (Abdominal Surgery,Nephroectomy), I (Hand and Foot Massage,Hand Massage,Foot Massage), O (Decrease Postoperative Pain,Reducing Postoperative Pain). The keywords and PICO conform to the PICO keyword sequence: I & P O C, Combinet text words / keywords / MeSH term search. Boolean characters "OR, AND, NOT" are used, and the screening language is Chinese and English.
Critical Appraisal：
Quality evaluation of literature-the search results: there are a total of 253 articles in the Chinese and English literature database. Wherein, after deducting the duplicates, non-RCT, non-SR research, research design methods that do not meet PICO, and low grades, after excluding and deleting the literature, a total of 2 articles are evaluated, using the 2020 version of CASP as the evaluation tool.
Clinical Application of Evidence：
Clinical application of evidence-using the 7 steps of empirical knowledge transformation, while improving, implementing and analyzing the results. The study was designed as a randomized controlled experimental study. During the study period, from March 1, 2021 toMay 20, 2021, a ward of a certain southern regional medical center was selected, and hand and foot massage was used as interventional measures during the admission period.
Evaluation of Effectiveness：
Exploring the effectiveness of hand and foot massage in pain management after nephrectomy (abdominal surgery) through statistical analysis. After the intervention from March 1, 2021 to May 20, 2021, among the 20 patients admitted to treatment, statistically verified, (1) Basic information: There is no difference in age and BMI between the two groups, P value (>0.05). (2) After the intervention measures are implemented, the statistical test results show that for patients with postoperative wound pain after nephrectomy (abdominal surgery), hand and foot massage can effectively reduce the postoperative wound pain index. The control group uses the NRS pain assessment scale, 30 Minute 4 minutes, 60 minutes 3 minutes, 90 minutes 1 minute, P value (<.001).
Conclusions and Recommendations：
The purpose of this article is to explore whether efficacy of hand and foot massage in pain management following nephrectomy (abdominal surgery).Based on the empirical inquiry and clinical application, PICO is formed to use the empirical medical strategies to search and screen the relevant literature, and strictly evaluate 2 literatures.It is understood that the hand and foot massage can indeed reduce abdominal surgery wound pain and reduce postoperative wound pain.We have extended this answer to the clinical applications. Although only 20 patients were admitted,through our empirical application, we found that the hand and foot massage can improve the wound pain of patients undergoing nephrectomy (abdominal surgery). This result is consistent with Kezban & Neziha (2020) and Bilsev & Serdar (2020).In the hope of benefiting more patients after nephrectomy (abdominal surgery), the quality of the care can be upgraded.
