Ask an answerable question (PICO)：
Laminectomy is an operation to decompress the spinal canal by extending the base of the spinal process to the junction of the upper and lower facet joints. During surgery, it is necessary to damage the musculoskeletal tissue, and pain is a common health problem that occurs after surgery. This is an unpleasant experience both physically and emotionally, and this experience may be related to existing or potential tissue damage. In clinical practice, assess pain using a visual analog scale, drug therapy is often used to control pain, and non-steroidal and opioid analgesics are often used, but there are individual differences in side effects and drug efficacy. After reviewing the literature, it was found that progressive muscle relaxation techniques can improve postoperative pain, so it was initiated to explore whether its progressive muscle relaxation techniques could reduce postoperative pain in patients with laminectomy.
The Method and Analysis of Literature Review：
This paper forms the PICO problem based on the first three steps (asking, acquire, and appraisal) of empirical five A. Use MeSH (Medical Subject Headings, MeSH) terms and synonyms to set Chinese and English keywords: Laminectomy or Intervertebral Disc Displacement, Muscle relaxation techniques or Muscle relaxation therapy, Postoperative pain. Search databases from 2016 to 2021, including Cochrane, PubMed, CINAHL, limited Systematic Review (SR) or Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT), and finally included 1 RCT for review .
Critical Appraisal：
The literature review uses the 2020 CASP Randomised Controlled Trial Cecklist as the review tool, and adopts the evidence level assessment recommended by the Oxford University Center for Empirical Medicine. This article meets 11 questions and the evidence level is Level 1. This literature compares the effectiveness of Benson relaxation and progressive muscle relaxation techniques in improving postoperative pain in patients undergoing laminectomy. The results showed that progressive muscle relaxation is a non-invasive and easy-to-operate relaxation therapy that patients can learn through videos. The operation time is about 10-20 minutes each time, and patients can feel the tension in their muscle groups and then relax and adjust their breathing according to the order of their entire muscle groups, learning to achieve relaxation through different methods.
Results, Conclusions and Recommendations：
Comprehensive literature shows that progressive muscle relaxation can indeed improve postoperative pain in patients with laminectomy. It is suggested that non-drug measures can be provided in clinical practice to assist patients in reducing postoperative pain and discomfort, thereby improving the quality of clinical care.
